What Is a Comedo? Understanding Blackheads and Whiteheads

Comedones are the primary lesions in acne, appearing as small bumps on the skin. They can be classified into two main types: blackheads (open comedones) and whiteheads (closed comedones).

1. Blackheads (Open Comedones): Blackheads occur when a pore is clogged with excess sebum (oil) and dead skin cells. The clog is exposed to air, causing it to oxidize and turn black. Despite their dark appearance, blackheads are not dirt; they are actually pores that remain open and have widened, filled with debris.
2. Whiteheads (Closed Comedones): Whiteheads, on the other hand, happen when a pore becomes clogged, but the surface remains closed. The clog is not exposed to the air and retains a white or flesh-colored appearance. Whiteheads occur when the follicle opening is obstructed, preventing the sebum and dead skin cells from being expelled.

Both blackheads and whiteheads are considered non-inflammatory types of acne. They might appear on the face, neck, chest, back, or shoulders and are generally considered mild forms of acne. Proper skincare, including regular cleansing, exfoliation, and sometimes the use of topical treatments or professional extraction, can help manage and prevent these types of acne lesions.